Monday, January 23, 2012

my world

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Wednesday, January 11, 2012

Independence


Independence is a condition of a nationcountry, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory.
Attainment of independence should not be confused with revolution, which typically refers to the violent overthrow of a ruling authority. While some revolutions seek and achieve national independence, others aim only to redistribute power — with or without an element of emancipation, such as in democratization — within a state, which as such may remain unaltered. Furthermore, some countries were granted independence without any revolutionary acts. The Russian October Revolution, for example, was not intended to seek national independence; the United States Revolutionary War, however, was.
Autonomy (in slight contrast) refers to a kind of independence which has been granted by an overseeing authority that itself still retains ultimate authority over that territory (seeDevolution). A protectorate refers to an autonomous region that depends upon a larger government for its protection as an autonomous region. The dates of established independence (or, less commonly, the commencement of revolution), are typically celebrated as a national holiday known as an independence day.
Sometimes, a state wishing to achieve independence from a dominating power will issue adeclaration of independence; the earliest surviving example is Scotland's Declaration of Arbroath in 1320, with the most recent example being South Sudan's declaration of independence in 2011. Declaring independence and attaining it however, are quite different. A well-known successful example is the U.S. Declaration of Independence issued in 1776.
Historically, there have been three major periods of declaring independence: the years from 1776 to the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe; the immediate aftermath of the First World War with the breakup of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires; and the decades from to 1945 to 1979, when seventy newly independent states emerged from the wreckage of the European colonial empires.
Causes for a country or province wishing to seek independence are many. Disillusionment rising from the establishment is a cause widely used in separatist movements, but it is usually severe economic difficulties that trigger these groups into action. The means can extend from peaceful demonstrations, like in the case of the Indian independence movement, to a violent civil war.

what is nature?

Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural worldphysical world, or material world. "Nature" refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. It ranges in scale from the subatomic to the cosmic.Nature, first published on 4 November 1869, is ranked the world's most cited interdisciplinaryscientific journal by the Science Edition of the 2010 Journal Citation Reports.Most scientific journals are now highly specialized, and Nature is among the few journals (the other weekly journals Science and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences are also prominent examples) that still publish original research articles across a wide range of scientific fields. There are many fields of scientific research in which important new advances and original research are published as either articles or letters in Nature.
Research scientists are the primary audience for the journal, but summaries and accompanying articles are intended to make many of the most important papers understandable to scientists in other fields and the educated general public. Towards the front of each issue are editorials, news and feature articles on issues of general interest to scientists, including current affairs, science funding, business, scientific ethics and research breakthroughs. There are also sections on books and arts. The remainder of the journal consists mostly of research articles, which are often dense and highly technical. Because of strict limits on the length of articles, often the printed text is actually a summary of the work in question with many details relegated to accompanying supplementary material on the journal's website.The word nature is derived from the Latin word natura, or "essential qualities, innate disposition", and in ancient times, literally meant "birth".Natura was a Latin translation of the Greek word physis (φύσις), which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics that plants, animals, and other features of the world develop of their own accord.The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word φύσις by pre-Socratic philosophers, and has steadily gained currency ever since. This usage was confirmed during the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries

Land lock country nepal

A landlocked country the size of Arkansas, lying between India and the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China, Nepal contains Mount Everest (29,035 ft; 8,850 m), the tallest mountain in the world. Along its southern border, Nepal has a strip of level land that is partly forested, partly cultivated. North of that is the slope of the main section of the Himalayan range, including Everest and many other peaks higher than 8,000 m.
In Nov. 1990, King Birendra promulgated a new constitution and introduced a multiparty parliamentary democracy in Nepal. Under pressure amid massive pro-democracy protests in April 2006, King Gyanendra gave up direct rule and reinstated Parliament, which then quickly moved to diminish the King's power. In Dec. 2007, Parliament voted to abolish the monarchy and become a federal democratic republic. The transition to a republic was completed in May 2008, when the Constituent Assemby voted to dissolve the monarchy.
The first civilizations in Nepal, which flourished around the 6th century B.C. , were confined to the fertile Kathmandu Valley where the present-day capital of the same name is located. It was in this region that Prince Siddhartha Gautama was born c. 563 B.C. Gautama achieved enlightenment as Buddha and spawned Buddhism.
Nepali rulers' early patronage of Buddhism largely gave way to Hinduism, reflecting the increased influence of India, around the 12th century. Though the successive dynasties of the Gopalas, the Kiratis, and the Licchavis expanded their rule, it was not until the reign of the Malla kings from 1200–1769 that Nepal assumed the approximate dimensions of the modern state.
The kingdom of Nepal was unified in 1768 by King Prithvi Narayan Shah, who had fled India following the Moghul conquests of the subcontinent. Under Shah and his successors, Nepal's borders expanded as far west as Kashmir and as far east as Sikkim (now part of India). A commercial treaty was signed with Britain in 1792 and again in 1816 after more than a year of hostilities with the British East India Company.

Tuesday, January 10, 2012

buddha jayanthi

Buddha Jayanti is celebrated on Baisakh Sukla Purnima or full-moon April- May associated the four major events in Buddha's life, viz. his birth Mahaviniskramana, his enlightenment and Mahaparinirvana. When Mayadevi queen of Suddhodhan of Kapilvastu, was going her maternal house at Devadaha, Siddhartha Buddha was born in Lumbini garden in 563 B.C. According to Buddhist literature he immediately took seven steps and each steps left a lotus flower where his foot touched the ground. After the forecast of the sage Asita and Kaudinya, king isolated Siddhartha in the royal palace, providing him all the pleasures and facilities for his entertainment things. One day he went outside the castle walks and saw a sick man, old man and third a dead body. At last he met to a saint, a holy man and he felt that it was the source of free form preceding three pains of the world.

At the age of 29 he left palace, wife Yasodhar and son Rahula. It was the day of Baisakh sukla purnima in course of his Mahaviniskramana. His enlightenment was also held on the day of Vaiśākha sukla purnima in Bodhagaya. Then, he becomes the Lord Buddha. At the age of 8o he left his body at Kusinagar. This is known "Mahaparinirvana " in Buddhist society. Buddha passed his life sharing his teaching to human being, which is known Buddhism. Under the auspicious of the monasteries and LDT, Buddha Jayanti festival is celebrated with various activities in Buddhist countries. Lumbini, being the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautam Buddha, is the main sacred complex to the Buddhist. On the occasion of Vaiśākha sukla purnima LDT and Institutions of Lumbini have been celebrating Buddha Jayanti. LDT, the authority, organize a three-day program on the occasion of the Buddha Jayanti and Lumbini Day. The main Organizing Committee is constituted, especial under the chairmanship of Honorable Minister for physical planning and construction. The preparatory organizing committee is formed under the chairmanship of vice chairman of Lumbini Development Trust. Other sub-committees are also formed for proper works. In 2004 May, 7 sub- committees were formed to celebrate 2548th Buddha Jayanti and Lumbini Day 2061 at the holy birth place of Lord Buddha. On 23 May 2005, 2549th Buddha Jayanti and Lumbini Day was celebrated under the leadership of LDT.

rate of tourist increase in 28% in lumbani 2011

The rate of tourists and pilgrims in Lumbini, the holy birthplace of Sakyamuni Buddha and World Heritage Property has mounted in 2011. The total number of visitors except Nepalese and Indian was 99508 in 2010 which has been raised to 128259 with an increment of 28.89 percent. The visitors of 95 countries visited and paid homage to the Mayadevi shrine in the year. As usual, Lumbini received highest of number of pilgrims from Sri Lanka with total number of 52,691 whereas Thai, Burmese, Chinese and South Korean pilgrims remained in ascending order with total number of 26382, 12503, 8961 and 6078 respectively. Total number of 395570 Nepalese and 63709 Indian nationals visited the holy site in the year. The number of pilgrims including Nepalese, Indians and Passport Holders in Lumbini in 2011 was hence summed as 587538 in grand total. 

Speedy development activities of Lumbini Development Trust, wider range of publicity of Lumbini, better accommodation and road way facilities and positive impact of Nepal Tourism Year 2011 can be identified as the reasons of mounting rate of tourists in Lumbini. The Trust charges Rs. 200, Rs 100 and Rs. 16 for the Third Country, the SAARC and Indian visitors respectively while Nepalese citizens enjoy free entry. The Trust is accelerating up the activities of exploration, excavation, conservation and Lumbini Master Plan implementation with government's aid and its internal income

enbarking everest base camp

you are not physically chal-unless you don't want to be! Which means there is nothing in the world that you yearn to achieve, but cannot regardless of the problems. on december 10 a group of visually inpaired climbers proved the point setting an example for others they paracticed for three years in other areas and reached everest base camp at 5350 meters above sea leavel as per the press release issued by Nepal sanctuary treks the group along with james milhench, leigh pick and terry robinson are members of the visually inpaired uk based nilton mountaineers a group specialising in poividing adventurous activities for the visually impaired mentioned the release led by the chairman of the milton mountaineers david carrington porter had an ambition to be in the Everest Base camp on his 60th birthday everest bse camp being one of the most popular trekking trails in the world the reason was obvious the release further stated the team was supported by sighted guides fron the united kingdom and local trek guide and support staff from Nepal sanctuary treks kathmandu furthermore intermational mountain leader alan eard from brecon in wales planned the trip with the mountain conpany of london and accomplanied the group to everest base camp as stated in the prell release ward was quoted as saying this was a uonderful achievement for the group and i an proud to have been askecd to work with them to help them achieve their dreams of visiting everest base camp